Sickle cell disease is a chronic, inherited blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide.

It is characterised by the production of abnormally shaped red blood cells, which can block blood flow, cause pain crises, and lead to severe complications over time.

Managing SCD involves a multi-faceted approach that includes medical treatment, nutritional support, hydration, mental health care, and increasingly, physical activity.

While exercise must be approached with caution in individuals with SCD, it can play a vital role in improving overall health, managing symptoms, and enhancing quality of life.

Understanding physical limitations

People with SCD often experience fatigue, joint pain, and reduced exercise tolerance due to chronic anaemia and the intermittent blockage of blood vessels. These factors can make physical activity seem daunting or risky.

However, avoiding physical activity altogether can lead to muscle weakness, poor cardiovascular fitness, decreased mobility, and other health issues.

Therefore, the key lies in finding a safe and sustainable level of activity that is tailored to the individual’s health status, energy levels, and medical guidance.

With the right approach, physical activity can become an empowering tool in managing SCD rather than a source of risk.

Benefits of physical activity in sickle cell management

1. Improved cardiovascular health

Moderate exercise helps strengthen the heart and improves circulation. For individuals with SCD, better blood flow can reduce the risk of complications related to poor oxygen delivery and help manage blood pressure levels.

2. Enhanced muscle and bone strength

Regular weight-bearing activities, such as walking or light resistance training, support bone health and muscle strength. This is especially important for those who may be at risk of osteoporosis or joint issues.

3. Boost mental well-being

Physical activity releases endorphins, which help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. This is particularly beneficial for individuals managing a chronic illness like SCD, where emotional health can greatly impact physical symptoms.

4. Improved respiratory function

Aerobic exercises like swimming or gentle cycling improve lung capacity and oxygen efficiency, which is critical in a condition where oxygen transport is already compromised.

5. Enhanced energy and reduced fatigue

While it may seem counterintuitive, light to moderate physical activity can actually increase energy levels over time by improving stamina and reducing feelings of fatigue.

6. Support for weight and metabolic health

Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the strain on joints and organs. Physical activity also helps manage blood sugar levels and reduces the risk of other metabolic disorders.

Types of suitable physical activity

People with SCD do not need to engage in high-intensity workouts to experience benefits.

In fact, low- to moderate-intensity activities are typically safest and most effective. Examples include:

Walking – Daily short walks at a comfortable pace

Swimming – A low-impact option that supports cardiovascular health without straining the joints

Stretching and yoga – Improves flexibility, reduces muscle tension, and supports relaxation

Cycling (stationary or light outdoor): A gentle way to engage the heart and muscles

Light resistance exercises: Using resistance bands or light weights to build strength safely

Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new exercise programme.

Individual needs vary greatly based on the severity of symptoms, current health status, and history of complications.

Important considerations and precautions

1. Hydration is essential

Dehydration can trigger sickle cell crises. Individuals should drink water before, during, and after exercise. In hotter weather, additional fluids may be needed.

2. Avoid overexertion

Activities should not push the body to exhaustion. Rest as needed and pay close attention to how the body responds.

3. Warm-up and cool-down

Gradually increasing and decreasing activity helps the body adjust and reduces the risk of strain or crisis.

4. Temperature control

Extremes in temperature, either hot or cold, can trigger symptoms. Choose climate-controlled environments whenever possible.

5. Know when to stop

Any signs of chest pain, dizziness, extreme fatigue, or difficulty breathing during exercise should be taken seriously. Stop immediately and seek medical attention if necessary.

6. Monitor oxygen levels if needed

Some individuals may benefit from using a pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen saturation during physical activity. This can help avoid complications from hypoxia.

Encouraging an active lifestyle

Building an active lifestyle for someone with SCD should be a gradual and compassionate process.

It’s about finding what works, celebrating small victories, and making movement a joyful part of daily life rather than a burden.

Here are a few tips:

Set realistic goals, such as 10-minute walks or three gentle sessions per week

Make it social – exercise with a friend or join a gentle group class

Choose enjoyable activities to maintain motivation

Track progress and celebrate improvements in energy, sleep, or mood.

The role of physiotherapy

Physiotherapists can be instrumental in developing tailored activity plans for individuals with SCD.

They assess mobility, muscle tone, and physical limitations and help prevent or manage complications like joint damage or muscle stiffness.

Physiotherapy can also support recovery after hospitalisation or pain crises.

Integrating exercise into holistic sickle cell care

Physical activity is just one part of a broader self-care strategy. Combined with proper nutrition, medication adherence, hydration, and mental health support, it can significantly improve life expectancy and quality of life for people with SCD.

 Educating patients and caregivers about the safe use of exercise as a tool, not a threat, is essential to promoting confidence and long-term health.

Though it must be approached with care and awareness, physical activity can be a powerful ally in managing sickle cell disease.

With the right guidance, moderate and consistent movement strengthens the body, uplifts the mind, and supports healing in profound ways.

For individuals living with SCD, the journey towards wellness is not always easy, but it is filled with hope, and sometimes, it begins with one gentle step at a time.

Until next time.

If you would like to get in touch with me about Sickle Cell, do so via my email address: t.dehinde@yahoo.com.

And do check out my blog: https://www.dailylivingwithsicklecell.com/

My book on Sickle Cell – HOW TO LIVE WITH SICKLE CELL – and my other books are available for purchase on www.amazon.com.